The major aim of this book is to highlight the considerable physiological interrelationship and clinical correlates between the specialties of cardiovascular medicine and endocrinology. Much of this has been highlighted by the epidemic of diabetes and obesity that has resulted in a secondary epidemic of cardiovascular events. This book aims to translate the wealth of information published in the last few years on the basic science, clinical epidemiology, clinical research and clinical guideline development of this interrelationship, and to distill this information into practical recommendations to physicians and other healthcare providers. The book consists of a mix of essential basic science concepts that provide a good rationale for common pathways involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The importance of other hormones is highlighted and the book explores the controversies surrounding the use of hormone replacement therapy.