This book deals with the evaluation of scholarly research performance by means of citation analysis. For citation analysis to be effective as a research evaluation tool, it is essential that all participants understand its nature, how its indicators are constructed and calculated, what they intend to measure, and their potentialities and limitations, particularly in relation to peer review. This text is designed to provide such insight. The author applies 20 years of experience to reveal important facts, to correct common misunderstandings, and to offer a critical examination of the limitations and pitfalls of citation analysis in research evaluation.