A. Number Theory.- 1. Highlights in the History of Number Theory: 1700 BC - 2008.- 2. Fermat: The Founder of Modern Number Theory.- 3. Fermat's Last Theorem: From Fermat to Wiles.- B. Calculus/Analysis.- 4. A History of the Infinitely Small and the Infinitely Large in Calculus, with Remarks for the Teacher.- 5. A Brief History of the Function Concept.- 6. More on the History of Functions, Including Remarks on Teaching.- C. Proof.- 7. Highlights in the Practice of Proof: 1600 BC - 2009.- 8. Paradoxes: What are they Good for?.- 9. Principle of Continuity: 16th - 19th centuries.- 10. Proof: A Many-Splendored Thing.- D. Courses Inspired by History.- 11. Numbers as a Source of Mathematical Ideas.- 12. History of Complex Numbers, with a Moral for Teachers.- 13. A History-of-Mathematics Course for Teachers, Based on Great Quotations.- 14. Famous Problems in Mathematics.- E. Brief Biographies of Selected Mathematicians.- 15. The Biographies.- Index.