Employing social description and rhetorical analysis, this book examines the ideal of friendship within the rhetoric of the letter of James. It argues that the text appeals to the language and ideas of this ancient topos at three levels: between the author and his readers/hearers; among audience members; and between the audience and God. References and allusions to friendship strengthen the letter's overall argument as it advocates resistance to wealth, avoidance of rich patrons and reliance upon God, who is presented as a friend and benefactor.