This book sets out a human-centred approach to arms control stressing the contribution of arms control in respect to both humanitarian law and human rights law. The book examines the successes of recent arms control treaties on non-nuclear weapons, aiming at eliminating entire categories of weapons and the Arms Trade Treaty whose adoption is an example of an international instrument combining arms control concerns with the protection of the human being. The book then looks at whether the human-centred approach, which places the individuals at the centre of the debate, can also be applied to instruments prohibiting nuclear weapons.