This text book gives a comprehensive account of magnetism, one of the oldest yet most vibrant fields of physics. Perhaps uniquely, it discusses spin transport and magnetization dynamics phenomena associated with atomically and spin engineered nano-structures. It does this against the backdrop of spintronics and magnetic storage and memory applications. In addition to summarizing developments in this new field of research the book also discusses magnetism applying synchrotron radiation. In short, the book reviews the fundamental physical concepts of the subject and uses them in a coherent fashion to explain some of the problems and applications at the forefront of magnetism. The book is written for undergraduate and graduate level students, and it should also serve as a state-of-the-art reference for scientists in academia and research laboratories.