Description

Impaction refers to a failure of a tooth to emerge into the dental arch, usually due to either space deficiencies or the presence of an entity blocking its path of eruption. A tooth normally erupts when half to three quarters of its final root length has developed. Impaction has multifactorial etiology. Potential factors related to impaction include arch length discrepancy, presence of supernumerary teeth, mucosal or bony barrier and retained deciduous teeth. Systemic causes of impaction include a hereditary syndrome of Cleidocranial Dystosis, Endocrinal Deficiency hypothyroidism, Hypopituitarism, Febrile diseases, Down syndrome and Irradiation. Impaction of teeth is a frequently encountered clinical problem, the treatment of which usually requires an interdisciplinary approach. Surgical exposure of the impacted tooth and the complex orthodontic mechanisms that are applied to align the tooth into the arch. Hence, it is important to focus on the means of early diagnosis and interception of this clinical situation.