Acknowledgements.- Introduction.- Chapter One: The assistance industry - crisis and change.- Chapter Two: Contemporary ethical approaches to the practice of assistance and foundational accounts of moral duty.- Chapter Three: Contemporary philosophical faces of deontology and consequentialism - John Rawls and Peter Singer.- Chapter Four: The 'terrible beauty' of imperfect duties - Onora O'Neill and Amartya Sen on the duty of assistance.- Chapter Five: Adjudicating between O'Neill and Sen on assistance.- Chapter Six: Defending an interconnected ethical account of assistance.- Chapter Seven: Implications for Practice and Policy.