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In the name of Allah, the most gracious, the most merciful, the one and the only, the creator, who is perfect in all characteristics, worthy of worship, only source of knowledge and wisdom to all humanity. I owe my deepest respect to the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH), the city of knowledge, who guided the mankind from darkness of ignorance to the light of awareness. I wish to express my warmest, sincerest thanks and profound gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Dr. Asghari Bano, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, for her affectionate efforts, sympathetic attitude, kind guidance, support and encouragement. I also pay my thanks and regards to Professor Dr. Mir Ajab Khan Chairman, Department of Plant Science Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, for providing all the research facilities. I wish to pay my sincere gratitude to my maternal uncles Mr. Fazal Subhan and Fazal Gufran for their moral support and encouragement and necessary guidance during my research. Deepest cordial thanks are extended to my respected seniors and best friends Faizanullah,Ishtiaq Hussain and Naseer Ahmad for his helping attitude, continued encouragement, moral support