Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) is an ancient and important root crop and more than 400 million people include taro in their diets. It is grown as a root crop, as a leafy vegetable and sometimes as an ornamental in a wide range of environments. This publication gives general information about Taro and some basic data on related root crop species. It deals with taxonomy, botany, origin and distribution, genetic resources, reproductive biology, and problems associated with genetics and breeding. The final goal is to help to revitalize agricultural production, not only of taro, but also of other aroid root crop species.