Chapter one treats scholars who basically remain within the tradition of Luther/Bultmann in asserting that the Law fosters a prideful attitude. Chapters two and three deal with the "new perspective on Paul" initiated with the publications of E. P. Sanders in the 1970s and 1980s. Chapter four presents scholars who, although sensitive to the work of Sanders, reiterate some of the traditional Luther/Bultmann position. In chapter five the focus is Paul's consistency, and chapter six explores scholarship opining that justification by faith can no longer be considered the center of Paul's theology.